Thyroid nodules are solid or fluid-filled lumps that form within the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of your neck, just below the Adam’s apple. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate your metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.
Nodules can vary in size and may be single or multiple. They are often discovered during routine physical exams or imaging tests for other health issues. While most thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous) and asymptomatic, a small percentage can be malignant (cancerous) or cause symptoms by pressing on surrounding structures or by producing excess thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
Common types of thyroid nodules include:
Thyroid nodules form when there is an abnormal growth of thyroid cells, leading to the development of lumps within the gland. This growth can occur due to various mechanisms. For instance, iodine deficiency can trigger the thyroid to overcompensate by enlarging and forming nodules, as iodine is vital for thyroid hormone production.
In some cases, mutations in the DNA of thyroid cells can cause these cells to proliferate uncontrollably, leading to benign adenomas or, less commonly, malignant tumours. Chronic inflammation from autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can also stimulate nodule formation by causing ongoing damage and repair cycles in the thyroid tissue.
Additionally, hyperfunctioning nodules, known as toxic adenomas, result from a localised area of the thyroid producing excess hormones independent of the gland’s regulatory mechanisms, leading to nodule growth. These processes, driven by cellular and molecular changes, contribute to the formation and enlargement of thyroid nodules.
Thyroid nodules often do not cause symptoms and are frequently discovered incidentally during routine physical exams or imaging tests for other conditions. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the size, location, and nature of the nodule. Common symptoms include:
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you notice any of these symptoms, as they can help determine the cause and appropriate treatment for thyroid nodules.
Thyroid nodules are typically not painful and often go unnoticed unless they are detected during routine medical exams or imaging studies conducted for other reasons. However, in some cases, thyroid nodules can cause pain, especially if they become large enough to press on surrounding structures in the neck. This pressure can lead to discomfort or a feeling of fullness in the neck, pain that radiates to the jaw or ear, or tenderness when touching the area around the thyroid.
Additionally, if a nodule grows rapidly or if there is bleeding into a cystic nodule, it can cause acute pain. Chronic inflammation from conditions like thyroiditis can also result in painful nodules. Despite these possibilities, the majority of thyroid nodules are asymptomatic and painless.
In Singapore, certain individuals are more likely to develop thyroid nodules due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
At NC Tan Surgery, we conduct a thorough diagnosis by utilising a combination of advanced diagnostic methods to evaluate and understand the nature of thyroid nodules. Here are the primary techniques we use:
By combining these diagnostic methods, we can accurately diagnose thyroid nodules and develop a personalised treatment plan according to your specific needs.
At NC Tan Surgery, we offer a variety of treatment options for thyroid nodules, depending on the nature and characteristics of your thyroid nodules. Here are the primary treatment methods we use:
At NC Tan Surgery, our specialist will work closely with you to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the specific characteristics of your thyroid nodules, your overall health, and your personal preferences. Schedule an appointment with us to discuss your treatment options and develop a personalised care plan.
Most thyroid nodules are benign, but a small percentage can be malignant. Regular monitoring and evaluation by a healthcare provider are crucial to detect any changes early.
The frequency of check-ups depends on the nature and size of the nodules, but typically, benign nodules are monitored every 6 to 12 months with ultrasound and thyroid function tests.
While there’s no specific diet for thyroid nodules, ensuring adequate iodine intake and maintaining a balanced diet can support overall thyroid health. Consult your doctor for personalised dietary advice.
Large nodules or those pressing on the nerves to the vocal cords can cause hoarseness or voice changes. If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical evaluation.
If a thyroid cystic nodule bursts, it can cause sudden pain and swelling in the neck. Immediate medical attention is needed to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
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