head and neck tumours

What are head and neck tumours?

Head and neck tumours are described as abnormal growths that occur in the head or neck region, such as the mouth, throat, and larynx. These tumours can either be benign (non-cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). As such, tumours are classified based on their potential of becoming cancerous — the risk of it invading other parts of the body and disrupting bodily functions.

While benign tumours are usually slow-growing, and do not spread to other parts of the body, malignant tumours can metastasise to nearby lymph nodes, tissues, and organs. Some common types of head and neck tumours include, but are not limited to:

What causes head and neck tumours?

Although doctors are uncertain about the exact causes of head and neck tumours, some studies have pointed out that these tumours can arise from mutations in the DNA of cells within the affected regions. As a result, these genetic changes disrupt normal cell growth, and cause the cells to multiply uncontrollably, albeit at a slow rate. Eventually, these changes will lead to the formation of a mass.

Despite the fact most tumours stay benign, others may acquire additional mutations that lead to their progression into cancer. This is triggered by the abnormal cells invading the surrounding tissues and eventually spreading to distant parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

What are the risk factors of head and neck tumours?

Some of the common risk factors that are associated with head and neck tumours are:

  • Alcohol consumption: if you drink alcohol frequently, or in high volume, then you are at a higher risk of developing head and neck tumours, particularly in the throat and mouth.
  • Environmental toxins: if you are under prolonged exposure to asbestos or wood dust, then your chances of developing head and neck tumours are higher.
  • Family history: being genetically predisposed to head and neck tumours increases your risk of developing head and neck tumours.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV): certain strains of HPV have been linked with increasing the likelihood of head and neck tumours, specifically oropharyngeal tumours.
  • Poor oral hygiene: poor oral care can increase your risk of developing head and neck tumours.
  • Tobacco: smoking or frequent use of tobacco products is associated with increasing your risk of developing head and neck tumours.

What are the symptoms of head and neck tumours?

You may have a head and neck tumour if you exhibit some of the following symptoms:

  • A lump anywhere in the head and neck region that does not go away.
  • Blocked sinuses that do not clear up.
  • Changes in your voice (hoarseness).
  • Chronic sinus infections that are immune to antibiotics.
  • Frequent bleeding through the nose.
  • Numbness of the face.
  • Sore throat that does not go away.
  • Swelling in the eye.
  • Unusual pain and bleeding in the mouth.
  • White or red patches on your gums, lining of the mouth, or tongue.

If you have been experiencing some of these symptoms, or have a higher risk of developing head and neck tumours, then do contact us.

poor oral hygiene.
Poor oral hygiene has been known to stimulate the development of head and neck tumours.

How are head and neck tumours diagnosed in Singapore?

Diagnosing a head and neck tumour is generally a straightforward procedure. At NC Tan Surgery, it typically entails:

  • Physical examination: our doctor will start by performing a physical examination to determine the location, size, and texture of the tumour. This assessment is pertinent to distinguish between tumours, head and neck lumps, and lipomas.
  • Medical and family history: by understanding your medical, and family history, we will be able to rule out certain conditions as well as have an idea on how to navigate the diagnostic procedure.
  • Imaging tests: in the event further investigation is needed to determine the size and location of the tumour, you may be scheduled for imaging tests such as:
    • Computed Tomography (CT) scan: CT scans are used to capture detailed images to detect the size, shape, and location of the tumours.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI produces high-resolution images to identify soft tissue tumours in the head or neck.
    • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan: PET scans help to detect abnormal activities in the tissues, which enables doctors to identify potential active, or growing tumours.
  • Endoscopy: if deemed necessary, then our doctor may perform an endoscopy as it will enable him to see inside your nasal cavity, voice box, and throat.
  • Biopsy: A biopsy may be needed to confirm the nature of the tumour, particularly if there is a concern of becoming cancerous. Your healthcare provider may opt to perform one of the following:
    • Punch Biopsy: This procedure uses a special forceps to obtain a more substantial tissue sample from the tumour, allowing for a more in-depth analysis.
    • Excisional Biopsy: In certain cases, the entire tumour is surgically removed, provided the tumour is small.
  • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): FNA is a minimally invasive procedure where a thin needle is used to extract cells from the tumour for microscopic examination.
  • Laboratory test: any collected samples will then be sent to the laboratory to be examined under a microscope. Our pathologists will look for signs of potential malignancies as well as the characteristics of the tumour.
tumour check Singapore.
Doctors will perform a physical examination to determine the presence of tumours before proceeding with other diagnostic steps.

How are head and neck tumours treated in Singapore?

Before deciding on a treatment course, our doctor will first consider the size, location and your overall condition. At NC Tan Surgery, we offer the following options for treating, and managing head and neck tumours:

  • Monitoring and observation: for most benign tumours, our doctor often employs the watch-and-wait approach. This will entail scheduled check-ups to keep track of any changes in size, shape or symptoms. In the event the tumour remains stable, and shows no indication of malignant change, further treatment may not be required.
  • Medication: in addition to monitoring and observation, you may be prescribed with certain medications to alleviate the symptoms. These may include Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help relieve inflammation, swelling and reduce any pain.
  • Head and neck surgery: if your tumours exhibit symptoms that may pose a threat to your health, cause any discomfort or pain, then our doctor may recommend having them removed. Often, the treatment route is head and neck surgery, which refers to one of the following procedures:
    • Excisional biopsy: an excisional biopsy refers to the removal of the entire tumour to effectively eliminate the abnormal tissues. However, excisional biopsy is typically recommended for tumours that are easy to access and smaller in size.
    • Tumour resection: a tumour resection indicates surgically removing the tumour along with a small margin on the surrounding healthy tissues. The extent and complexity will depend heavily on the size, and location of the tumour.

Although most tumours carry a low risk of becoming malignant, it is still advisable to have it examined especially when it shows any changes or exhibits any symptoms that result in pain or discomfort. At NC Tan Surgery, we prioritise your overall well-being, and strive to provide excellent services without demanding extensive downtime or compromising comfort.

If you would like to learn more about head and neck tumours and the treatment options, contact us today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Most benign tumours do not cause any pain. However, if you begin to experience any pain or discomfort, then it warrants a trip to the clinic to have it examined.
No, it does not necessarily deteriorate your quality of life if treated early. While certain symptoms may prevent you from going about your usual day-to-day activities, these are easily managed and treated with medications.

The differences between them are:

  • Tumours: tumours are abnormal growths that eventually form into masses and can either be benign or malignant.
  • Cysts: cysts are fluid-filled sacs that are often formed in tissues that are often benign.
  • Lumps: lumps are actually a general term to indicate any swelling or mass that is caused by an array of conditions.
  • Lipomas: lipomas are soft, fatty lumps that grow slowly under the skin and are benign.

Yes, you can lower your risk of developing head and neck tumours by adopting the following habits:

  • Eating a healthy, and well-balanced diet.
  • Exercising regularly.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight.
  • Reducing your alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.
  • Schedule regular screenings.

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    Farrer Park Medical Centre

    1 Farrer Park Station Road
    #14-02 Connexion Singapore 217562

    Clinic Hours

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